Tori+Collins+2nd+Quarter+Assignment

Temperance & Prohibition & Organized Crime

= __List__ = Temperance Prohibition Organized Crime Bootleggers Speakeasy Famous People Interesting facts

=__Temperance__ =

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Temperance was an organized movement through out the whole United States to get America to stop drinking alcohol. Groups that were formed to support temperance started much ealier than when alcohol was actually made illegal. Many women supported temperance and formed the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). This group was formed in 1874. People supported temperance because they thought the results of drinking caused abuse (especially wife abuse),===== crime, accidents on and off the job,and major social problems. Marches were led throughout cities, and some women stood out as leaders and people that stood up for their strong beliefs. One woman is Frances Willard. She got the WCTU well known through out the country. With her help, the group had 245 thousand members in 1911. Another woman that highly supported temperance was Carry Nation. She would go from city to city; saloon to saloon, and use her also famous hatchet to break bottles of liquor and harass the customers. She got arrested a few times, but always got out. Carrie had even made a trip to Cincinnati.

=__Prohibition__ =

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Prohibition was the 18th amendment to the United States Constitution. It was put into affect in 1920. People that supported prohibition pushed for it to become an amendment and not just a law because they wanted to make sure that it stayed. They wanted an amendment because an amenment had never been repealed before. In the beginning people were very enthusiastic towards the idea of prohibition. People held meetings, rallys, and marches. When Prohibition came into affect, the public was happy. The breweries, pubs/ saloons, and other places that made and sold alcohol, however, were devistated. The breweries were forced to shut down, and the saloons shut their doors. There was many functional breweries in Cincinnati before Prohibition, but when it came into affect, there was hardly any left running.=====

=__Organized Crime__ = Even though many people supported Prohibition in the beginning, after a few years with it in place, people were finding ways to get their alcohol. People would bootleg alcohol, and smuggle it to different places. Bootlegging or bootleggers, as the people were called, is when people hide alcohol in their boots, and sell it to others secretly. People were going so far, they were even getting doctor prescriptions so that they could have their drinks. There were other ways of getting alcohol, but they were illegal and run by gangs and leaders. One such person is Al Capone. Al Capone was the leader of a gang in Chicago. They took control over liquor businesses, and ran bootlegging from Canada. He also ran secret illegal breweries. The years that Al Capone reigned, he grossed over one hundred million dollars.

= __Speakeasies __ = = =

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Speakeasies were another way to get your alcohol. Speakeasies were held anywhere. They were held in barns, back rooms, and other secretive places. Speakeasies were called that because when you were there, you had to talk quietly, so that police did not find you. The only way to get into these places is with a special password or a card. When you got there you would find decently dressed people, and illegal liquor.=====

= __The End of Prohibition __ =

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The longer that it was there, Prohibition got less and less popular with the public. People started to protest it, and pressure was put on the government for it to be repealed. Prohibition ended in 1933 when it was repealed by the 21st ammendment. In the end many people lost a lot of money. It was lost whether from the breweries and saloons that had to shut down or it was from the government that didn't know how much money it got from the sale of alcohol.===== = __Famous People __ = There were five presidents that had terms during Prohibition. There was Woodrow Wilson, Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, and Franklin Roosevelt. During their terms, a few of these presidents had drinks in the White House, and one even went to Europe and drank. = __Interesting Facts __ = Some interesting facts are that some of the breweries in Cincinnati that closed down switched over to bottling other things. Also some breweries were converted into factories so that they could make other things. One way to conceal the smugging of beer, women would wear carrying containers strapped to their legs, and cover them up with dresses, and over coats