project;Salamata+Waiga

The NAACP also known as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was created on Feb. 12. 1909. It is known as the nation's oldest and largest civil rights organization. The NAACP was created because of the continious practices of lynching and it was also created because of the 1908 riot in Springfield, Illinois. The NAACP was created by a group of white liberals that were appalled by the violence that was being commited on blacks. This group included Mary White Ovington, Oswald Garrison Villard, and Dr. Henry Moscowitz. They called for a meeting to discuss racial justice. 60 people showed up to sign the call and 7 of those 60 were African-American. Those 3 of those 7 African-Americans were W.E.B Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-Barnet, and Mary Church Terrel. The call was released on Lincoln's 100th birthday. The NAACP has a national office in New York City which was established in 1910. More About The NAACP The NAACP was created to secure people's rights that were stated in the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. The amendments promised an end to slavery, the equal protection of the law, and universal adult male suffrage. The organization's main focus is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of minority citizens of the U.S. It also helps abolish race prejudice. The NAACP hopes to remove all kinds of racial discrimination through the democratic processes. In order to function right the NAACP had a board of directors as well as a president which included Moorfield Storey who was a white constitutional lawyer and the former president of the ABA(American Bar Association). There was only one African American among the organization's executive which was Du Bois and he was made director of publications and research and in 1910 he came up with the official journal of the NAACP The Crisis. Anti-Lynching Lynching is the practice of killing someone who was accused of something by a mob without due process. Lynching began in the U.S. from the late 18th century to the 1960's. Lynchings most likely happened in the South from 1890 to the 1920's. Many people were lynched for crimes such as rape,and murder.People who were lynched were usually hung and treated poorly from the time they were caught leading up to their death.Lynching was started by whites who felt superior to blacks after the civil war. Blacks and Whites that were active in wanting equal rights were the ones that were mostly impacted by lynching because they were lynched in the South during the Reconstruction Era. Lynching came to its highest peak in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when many Southern states changed their constitutions and electoral rules to prohibit most blacks and poor whites.

Getting rid of Lynching To help them stop Lynching many African Americans resisted it they also encouraged public education, active protest, and lobbying against lynch mob violence.They also fought against government complicity in the violence brought on by lynching. Many different organizations including the NAACP organized a national campaign to help get an Anti-Lynching passed. It wasn't until 1918 that Congressman Leonidas Dyer introduced the Dyer Bill otherwise known as the Anti-Lynching Bill. The Bill was passed by the House of Representatives on January 26th,1922, but it was delayed in the Senate. The Anti-Lynching Bill was officially approved and passed on July 28th, 1922. The Great Migration The Great Migration was when millions of blacks migrated out of the South to the Northeast,Midwest, and West of the U.S. from 1916 to 1970. They moved out of the South to go find better lives and better paying jobs. Many northern cities were impacted greatly by this movement but Chicago was impacted the most. Out of the 7 million Blacks that migrated to the northern states 500,000 of them were drawn to Chicago. Before The Great Migration Chicago's population of blacks consisted of 2 percent by 1970 it increased to 33 percent. The migration changed Chicago's political, economic, and cultural life.



The Word is... Many blacks migrated to Chicago because they were told that it had many different opportunities for them. But when they arrived a lot of them were disappointed because they couldn't find jobs an dif they did they weren't what they expected them to be. it wasn't until WWI that many blacks got the opportunity to have a job. After WWI many factories needed help so again many blacks were offered jobs in the factories. WWII also had a big impact on creating jobs for blacks that were jobless in Chicago. The Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was originally called The New Negro Movement it was a literary and intellectual flowering that fostered a new black cultural identity in the 1920's and 1930's. As racism kept on going and few jobs were available for people especially blacks creativity was one of the few opportunities blacks had. During the renaissance black-owned magazines newspapers blossomed giving blacks the opportunity to get away from constricting influences of the white society. Magazines such as the //opportunity// which was created by Charles S. Johnson became the leading voice of black culture. Journals such as W.E.B Du Bois' //The// Crisis helped launch the writing careers of people such as Arna Bontemps, Langston Hughes, and Countee Cullen. Soon white literary establishements became fascinated with the black writers and started publishing them in great numbers. The Harlem Renaissance helped black culture grow more not only in the "black" world but all around the country.



Famous People Mary White Ovington: Founder of NAACP, helped create equal rights for blacks and minorities all around the U.S. Oswald Garrisson Villard: Co-founder of NAACP, also helped create equal rights for blacks and minorities all around the U.S.



W.E.B Du Bois: Director of publications and research of the NAACP, fought for equal rights for blacks everywhere in the U.S. Leonidas Dyer: Congressman in Missourri, helped create the Anti-Lynching Bill. Charles S. Johnson: First black president of Fisk University, helped increase the knoweldge about black culture and helped decrease racial prejudice against blacks. Langston Hughes: Famous Author, also helped spread black culture around the country and helped blacks get accepted by whites.



Countee Cullen: Author, helped impacted blacks by showing them other ways to become successful. Arna Bontemps: Poet, noted member of the Harlem Renaissance, helped stop discrimination against blacks. Bessie Smith: Classic Blues singer, helped with Harlem Renaissance.



Alain Locke: writer, noted member of Harlem Renaissance, helped initiate the renaissance, encouraged blacks to explore their African roots through their work. Helped Harlem Renaissance gain national recognition.