Toni's+Assignment+1

**Mary Harris "Mother" Jones -** Marry Harris Was Born In Cork, Ireland (1837-1930). She Was A Prominent American labor and community organizer. Her husband and all four children were killed to yellow fever. Her workshop was destroyed in a fire too. She began working as an organizer in the Knights Of Labor. She organized a Child Labor March. Mary Harris made it known that child labor was not an OK thing.




 * Booker T. Washington** - Booker Taliaferro Washington an American educator, author , orator , and political leader. He lived a total of 56 long years. He spoke of the behalf of many african americans. He was born into slavery to a slave mother and a white owner , he was biracial. Booker did not like confrontation . Mr. Washington was married a total of 3 times and had 3 kids but one of them died. Booker was very wealthy. Booker helped the development with civil rights!
 * Thomas Edison** - Thomas Alva Edison was an inventor, scientist, and businessman. Edison was born in Ohio as well as us (fun-fact). He had 6 children . Edison was most known for inventing the light-bulb though there are others that did not get credit. Without Thomas, we'd have no electric!
 * W.E.B. du Bois** - William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was an intellectual leader in the United States as a sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, and he was an editor. William was born in Massachusetts in 1868 and graduate from Harvard (he was VERY smart). William did not really agree with political leader Booker T. Washington. His ancestors were from the Dutch and African descent. Bois's father left him and his mother by the time he reached two, therefore , he was very close to his mother.
 * Orville And Wilbur Wright** - Orville and Wilbur Wright were two Americans that created the first ever functioning air-craft. Neither brothers received diplomas from high school. Wilbur was supposed to attend Yale but he was hit in the face with a hockey stick and became withdrawn from people. Orville decided to open up his own printing business instead of finishing his senior year of high school. The Wright brothers made it possible for us to know what it feels like to fly ( :.
 * Alexander Graham Bell** //-// Alexander Graham Bell was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer, and innovator. He was given the most credit for the first ever telephone. Alexander was born in Scotland in 1847. I wish I could personally thank him ! Companies like Cincinnati BELL are named after him. When Graham was young both of his brothers passed away from the disease Tuberculosis. Alexander mastered the piano with no formal training and became his family's pianist. He was home-schooled in the early years of his education by none other than his father. After that, he was enrolled in Royal High School. Without Graham we'd have a hard time contacting each other.
 * Andrew Carnegie -** Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist, businessman,an entrepenaur. Andrew was also a philanthropist. He was born in Dunfermline, Scotland in 1835, then migrated to the WONDEFUL United States Of America when he was a young man. His first job here was in a factory. Andrew owned a very profitable steel company and was one of the few billionaires in his time. When Carnegie died all of his money was given to charities , isn't that nice ( : ? When he was alive it didn't seem like he was that friendly though!
 * John D. Rockefeller** - John Davison Rockefeller was an American oil magnate and philanthropist. John owned a very profitable oil company. He was born in Richmond, New York in 1810. He was the second of 6 children. Some people called business owners like Mr. Rockefeller crude because of the things they did. Nowadays, the Rockefeller name is associated with a very wealthy family. John had four daughters and one son. John thought without the advice of his wife he would have been a poor man, those are strong words coming from a man like him. His brother also got into the business of oil and opened up his own company.
 * Uriah Stephens** - Uriah Stephens was a U.S. labor leader. He wanted to become a Baptist minister but never pursued that career, Uriah was born in New Jersey in 1821. Stephens was in the Knights Of Labor as well as some of the previous people I talked about. He died in 1882.

=**Terms :**= a financial institution offering certain services. A Trust sometimes are made to retrain trade by any means. Prominent Trust owners like Andrew Carneige and John D. Rockefeller owned Trusts.
 * William "Boss" Tweed -** William Magear Tweed was an American politician. He was born in Manhattan in April of 1823. He was known as the "boss" of Tammany Hall. He was a member of the Odd Fellows. He was from a third-generation chair-maker family. Tweed's downfall was the Orange Riot of 1871, over 60 people were killed that day. William was convicted for stealing money from taxpayers. He died in Ludlow Street Jail.
 * Angel Island -** Angel Island is a landmass in San Francisco Bay. A lot of Chinese immigrants traveled here during the Industrial Era for work. Lots of Chinese Americans live in California today, they decided not to leave.
 * Urbanization** - Urbanization is the growth of urban areas. The Industrial Era caused a lot of Urbanization. The created factories created during the Industrial Era, were work for a lot of people who needed the money. The factories were located in cities, therefore, lots of farm workers moved to cities.
 * Monopoly** - A Monopoly is an enterprise that is the only supplier of a certain commodity. A Monopoly creates a lot of money for the person controlling it because there's no competition. Monopolies can sell low quantities of a product for a lot of money, or high quantities of a product for a low amount of money. They can pretty much do what they want, they're "elastic"!
 * Trust** - A Trust is a business entity formed to create a monopoly or fix prices, a collective investment fund, or a
 * Knights Of Labor(KOL)** - Largest most most important American Labor organizations in the 1800s. One of the most important leaders was Terrance Powderly. Uriah, Mother Jones, and a few other I mentioned were all a part of this organization. American workers were treated badly and paid way less than they should be. Some people knew the difference between right and wrong so they decided to show actions.
 * Chinese Exclusion Act** - The Chinese Exclusion Act was made to ban the immigration of Chinese to the United States. This act was supposed to be 10 years long but they later repealed it. America, though still prejudice, was even more racist back then. They'd stop at nothing to keep America only for Americans though we have enough space for everyone. Lots of Chinese people immigrated to the US during the California gold rush to find gold and get jobs to feed their families.
 * Melting Pot** - The "Melting Pot" is a metaphor for the United States and many other countries to explain the diversity of nationalities and ethnicities living together as one. All kind of races, cultures, and backgrounds come to America for the job opportunities and a chance at any kind of life. This metaphor was in use around the 1780s when all kinds of people came to live here to work in places like factories, mines, and etc.
 * Corporation** - A corporation is a legal entity that is created under the laws of a state designed to establish the entity as a separate legal entity having it's own privileges and liabilities distinct from those of its member. In previous corporations were established by charter. When a corporation fails shareholders only tends to lose what they invested.
 * Progressivism** - Progressivism is a political attitude favoring or advocating changes or reform through governmental action. The Progressive Movement began in the late 19th, early 20th centuries in cities with settlement workers and reformers who were interested in helping those facing harsh conditions at home and at work. Workers started to speak out about unfair conditions and progress started to happen finally.
 * Nativism** - Nativism favors the interests of certain established inhabitants of an area or nation as compared to claims of newcomers or immigrants. Nativism usually refers to the opposition to immigration of any kind efforts to lower the political or legal status of specific ethnic or cultural groups because the groups are considered hostile or alien to the natural culture, and it is assumed that they cannot be assimilated.